DOI: 10.1002/2016MS000841
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85013356470
论文题名: Redistribution of ice nuclei between cloud and rain droplets: Parameterization and application to deep convective clouds
作者: Paukert M ; , Hoose C ; , Simmel M
刊名: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
ISSN: 19422466
出版年: 2017
卷: 9, 期: 1 起始页码: 514
结束页码: 535
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Aerosols
; Atmospheric thermodynamics
; Clouds
; Drops
; Freezing
; Ice
; Parameterization
; Rain
; Aerosol particles
; Convective clouds
; Deep convective clouds
; Ice nucleation
; Immersion freezing
; Microphysics
; Parameterization schemes
; Particle accumulation
; Precipitation (meteorology)
; accumulation
; aerosol
; cloud droplet
; cloud microphysics
; convective cloud
; cooling
; freezing
; hail
; ice
; nucleation
; parameterization
; precipitation (climatology)
; raindrop
; rainwater
; spatial distribution
英文摘要: In model studies of aerosol-dependent immersion freezing in clouds, a common assumption is that each ice nucleating aerosol particle corresponds to exactly one cloud droplet. In contrast, the immersion freezing of larger drops—“rain”—is usually represented by a liquid volume-dependent approach, making the parameterizations of rain freezing independent of specific aerosol types and concentrations. This may lead to inconsistencies when aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation shall be investigated, since raindrops consist of the cloud droplets—and corresponding aerosol particles—that have been involved in drop-drop-collisions. Here we introduce an extension to a two-moment microphysical scheme in order to account explicitly for particle accumulation in raindrops by tracking the rates of selfcollection, autoconversion, and accretion. This provides a direct link between ice nuclei and the primary formation of large precipitating ice particles. A new parameterization scheme of drop freezing is presented to consider multiple ice nuclei within one drop and effective drop cooling rates. In our test cases of deep convective clouds, we find that at altitudes which are most relevant for immersion freezing, the majority of potential ice nuclei have been converted from cloud droplets into raindrops. Compared to the standard treatment of freezing in our model, the less efficient mineral dust-based freezing results in higher rainwater contents in the convective core, affecting both rain and hail precipitation. The aerosol-dependent treatment of rain freezing can reverse the signs of simulated precipitation sensitivities to ice nuclei perturbations. © 2017. The Authors. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/75834
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe, Germany; Now at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States; Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
Recommended Citation:
Paukert M,, Hoose C,, Simmel M. Redistribution of ice nuclei between cloud and rain droplets: Parameterization and application to deep convective clouds[J]. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems,2017-01-01,9(1)