DOI: 10.1002/2015MS000494
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84945489240
论文题名: On the use of programmable hardware and reduced numerical precision in earth-system modeling
作者: Düben P ; D ; , Russell F ; P ; , Niu X ; , Luk W ; , Palmer T ; N
刊名: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
ISSN: 19422466
出版年: 2015
卷: 7, 期: 3 起始页码: 1393
结束页码: 1408
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Balloons
; Digital arithmetic
; Economic and social effects
; Errors
; Hardware
; Program processors
; Weather forecasting
; Computational performance
; Dynamical core
; Floating point numbers
; Geophysical fluid dynamics
; High-performance computing applications
; Lorenz '95
; Numerical precision
; Programmable hardware
; Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)
; computer simulation
; fluid dynamics
; geophysical array
; hardware
; model validation
; performance assessment
; precision
; software
; weather forecasting
英文摘要: Programmable hardware, in particular Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), promises a significant increase in computational performance for simulations in geophysical fluid dynamics compared with CPUs of similar power consumption. FPGAs allow adjusting the representation of floating-point numbers to specific application needs. We analyze the performance-precision trade-off on FPGA hardware for the two-scale Lorenz '95 model. We scale the size of this toy model to that of a high-performance computing application in order to make meaningful performance tests. We identify the minimal level of precision at which changes in model results are not significant compared with a maximal precision version of the model and find that this level is very similar for cases where the model is integrated for very short or long intervals. It is therefore a useful approach to investigate model errors due to rounding errors for very short simulations (e.g., 50 time steps) to obtain a range for the level of precision that can be used in expensive long-term simulations. We also show that an approach to reduce precision with increasing forecast time, when model errors are already accumulated, is very promising. We show that a speed-up of 1.9 times is possible in comparison to FPGA simulations in single precision if precision is reduced with no strong change in model error. The single-precision FPGA setup shows a speed-up of 2.8 times in comparison to our model implementation on two 6-core CPUs for large model setups. © 2015. The Authors. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/75981
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: AOPP, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
Recommended Citation:
Düben P,D,, Russell F,et al. On the use of programmable hardware and reduced numerical precision in earth-system modeling[J]. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems,2015-01-01,7(3)