DOI: 10.1002/wcc.394
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84979467671
论文题名: North American megadroughts in the Common Era: Reconstructions and simulations
作者: Cook B ; I ; , Cook E ; R ; , Smerdon J ; E ; , Seager R ; , Williams A ; P ; , Coats S ; , Stahle D ; W ; , Díaz J ; V
刊名: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change
ISSN: 17577780
出版年: 2016
卷: 7, 期: 3 起始页码: 411
结束页码: 432
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Atmospheric temperature
; Carbon dioxide
; Drought
; Greenhouse gases
; Oceanography
; Surface measurement
; Surface waters
; Atmospheric variability
; General circulation model
; Land surface modeling
; Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA)
; Natural climate variabilities
; Natural variability
; Research priorities
; Sea surface temperature (SST)
; Climate models
; aerosol
; aridification
; aridity
; climate variation
; drought
; land surface
; Medieval Warm Period
; sea surface temperature
; North America
英文摘要: During the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), Western North America experienced episodes of intense aridity that persisted for multiple decades or longer. These megadroughts are well documented in many proxy records, but the causal mechanisms are poorly understood. General circulation models (GCMs) simulate megadroughts, but do not reproduce the temporal clustering of events during the MCA, suggesting they are not caused by the time history of volcanic or solar forcing. Instead, GCMs generate megadroughts through (1) internal atmospheric variability, (2) sea-surface temperatures, and (3) land surface and dust aerosol feedbacks. While no hypothesis has been definitively rejected, and no GCM has accurately reproduced all features (e.g., timing, duration, and extent) of any specific megadrought, their persistence suggests a role for processes that impart memory to the climate system (land surface and ocean dynamics). Over the 21st century, GCMs project an increase in the risk of megadrought occurrence through greenhouse gas forced reductions in precipitation and increases in evaporative demand. This drying is robust across models and multiple drought indicators, but major uncertainties still need to be resolved. These include the potential moderation of vegetation evaporative losses at higher atmospheric [CO2], variations in land surface model complexity, and decadal to multidecadal modes of natural climate variability that could delay or advance onset of aridification over the the next several decades. Because future droughts will arise from both natural variability and greenhouse gas forced trends in hydroclimate, improving our understanding of the natural drivers of persistent multidecadal megadroughts should be a major research priority. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/76228
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, United States; Division of Ocean and Climate Physics, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States; Division of Biology and Paleo Environment, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States; University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States; INIFAP-Centro Nacional de Investigacion Disciplinaria Relacion Agua-Suelo-Planta-Atmosfera, Lerdo, Mexico
Recommended Citation:
Cook B,I,, Cook E,et al. North American megadroughts in the Common Era: Reconstructions and simulations[J]. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change,2016-01-01,7(3)