DOI: 10.1002/wcc.345
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84930940933
论文题名: Drought and societal collapse 3200years ago in the Eastern Mediterranean: A review
作者: Kaniewski D ; , Guiot J ; , Van Campo E
刊名: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change
ISSN: 17577780
出版年: 2015
卷: 6, 期: 4 起始页码: 369
结束页码: 382
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Commerce
; Drought
; Food supply
; International trade
; Agropastoral activities
; Climate scientists
; Eastern Mediterranean
; Late Bronze Age
; Regional cultures
; Rural settlement
; Socio-economic frameworks
; Technological innovation
; History
; Bronze Age
; civilization
; climate change
; drought
; environmental degradation
; historical perspective
; international trade
; socioeconomic impact
; Mediterranean Sea
; Mediterranean Sea (East)
英文摘要: One of the goals of climate scientists is to understand how climate shifts may have changed the course of history and influenced culture at millennial timescales. Repeatedly, environmental degradation has upset the balance between people, their habitat, and the socioeconomic frameworks in which they live. Among these imbalances, drought, firmly rooted in people's minds as a catalyst of harvest failures and famines, remains a permanent threat because it may trigger or amplify social crises, leading to massive exoduses, conflicts, and political turmoil. The spiral of decline in which the flourishing Eastern Mediterranean civilizations were plunged 3200 years ago, and the ensuing chaos, remains a persistent riddle in Near Eastern history. Scholars tend to believe that this socioeconomic collapse was violent and culturally disruptive. Most of the coastal cities between Pylos and Gaza were destroyed, burned, and often left unoccupied, thereafter, putting an end to the elaborate network of international trade that ensured prosperity in the Aegean and the Eastern Mediterranean. The rural settlements that emerged have mainly persisted through adapted agropastoral activities and limited long-distance trade. At the dusk of this event, regional cultures began to be poorly documented, leading historians to allude to a dark age that lasted for 300 years. Among the roots, tectonic instability and earthquakes, demographic imbalance between social groups, internal collapses, and technological innovations are commonly evoked. However, recent studies have mainly hypothesized about an impact of a centuries-long drought behind the decline. Drought may have hastened the fall of the Old World by sparking famine, invasions, and conflicts, leading to the political, economic, and cultural chaos termed 'Late Bronze Age collapse'. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/76275
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: EcoLab (Laboratoire d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France; EcoLab (Laboratoire d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), CNRS, Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Section Biologie-Médecine-Santé, Paris, France; CEREGE UMR 7330 and ECCOREV FR 3098, CNRS/Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
Recommended Citation:
Kaniewski D,, Guiot J,, Van Campo E. Drought and societal collapse 3200years ago in the Eastern Mediterranean: A review[J]. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change,2015-01-01,6(4)