| DOI: | 10.1002/wcc.148
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| Scopus记录号: | 2-s2.0-80855131004
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| 论文题名: | Earth system models: An overview |
| 作者: | Flato G; M
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| 刊名: | Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change
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| ISSN: | 17577780
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| 出版年: | 2011
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| 卷: | 2, 期:6 | | 起始页码: | 783
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| 结束页码: | 800
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| 语种: | 英语
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| 英文关键词: | Biogeochemistry
; Carbon dioxide
; Climate change
; Earth (planet)
; Greenhouse gases
; Sulfur
; Biogeochemical process
; Climate variability and change
; Coordinated experiments
; Global carbon cycle
; Global climate model
; Multi-model ensemble
; Observational data
; Physical components
; Climate models
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| 英文摘要: | Earth System models (ESMs) are global climate models with the added capability to explicitly represent biogeochemical processes that interact with the physical climate and so alter its response to forcing such as that associated with human-caused emissions of greenhouse gases. Representing the global carbon cycle allows for feedbacks between the physical climate and the biological and chemical processes in the ocean and on land that take up some of the emitted carbon dioxide and so act to reduce warming. The sulfur cycle is also important in that both natural and human emissions of sulfur contribute to the production of sulfate aerosols which reflect incoming solar radiation (a direct cooling effect) and alter cloud properties (an indirect cooling effect). Other components such as ozone are also being incorporated into some ESMs. Evaluating the physical component of an ESM is becoming increasingly comprehensive and sophisticated, but the evaluation of the biogeochemical components suffer somewhat from a lack of comprehensive global-scale observational data. Nevertheless, such models provide valuable insight into climate variability and change, and the role of human activities and possible mitigation actions on future climate change. Internationally coordinated experiments are increasingly important in providing a multimodel ensemble of climate simulations, thereby taking advantage of some 'cancellation of errors' and allowing better quantification of uncertainty. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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| 资源类型: | 期刊论文
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| 标识符: | http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/76493
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| Appears in Collections: | 影响、适应和脆弱性
气候变化与战略
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作者单位: | Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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| Recommended Citation: | |
Flato G,M. Earth system models: An overview[J]. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change,2011-01-01,2(6)
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