Absolute error
; Density maps
; Driving factors
; Population densities
; Public waters
; Spatial and temporal trends
; Water use efficiency
; Water withdrawal
; Population distribution
; Population dynamics
; Population statistics
; Water supply
; computer simulation
; forecasting method
; mapping method
; population density
; water management
; water use efficiency
; France
英文摘要:
In Europe, public water withdrawals make up on average 30% and in some cases up to 60% of total water withdrawals. These withdrawals are becoming increasingly important with growing population density; hence there is a need to understand the spatial and temporal trends involved. Pan-European public/municipal water withdrawals and consumption were mapped for 2006 and forecasted for 2030. Population and tourism density were assumed to be the main driving factors for withdrawals. Country-level statistics on public water withdrawals were disaggregated to a combined population and tourism density map (the "user" density map) computed for 2006. The methodology was validated using actual regional withdrawal statistics from France for 2006. The total absolute error (TAE) calculated was proven to be reduced by taking into account the tourism density in addition to the population density.
Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Joint Research Center, European Commission, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy; Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; School of the Environment, Flinders University, G.P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
Recommended Citation:
Vandecasteele I,, Bianchi A,, Batista E Silva F,et al. Mapping current and future European public water withdrawals and consumption[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2014-01-01,18(2)