globalchange  > 气候变化事实与影响
DOI: 10.5194/hess-21-3525-2017
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85024389652
论文题名:
Analysis of single-Alter-shielded and unshielded measurements of mixed and solid precipitation from WMO-SPICE
作者: Kochendorfer J; , Nitu R; , Wolff M; , Mekis E; , Rasmussen R; , Baker B; , Earle M; E; , Reverdin A; , Wong K; , Smith C; D; , Yang D; , Roulet Y; -A; , Buisan S; , Laine T; , Lee G; , Aceituno J; L; C; , Alastrué J; , Isaksen K; , Meyers T; , Brækkan R; , Landolt S; , Jachcik A; , Poikonen A
刊名: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
ISSN: 10275606
出版年: 2017
卷: 21, 期:7
起始页码: 3525
结束页码: 3542
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Circuit simulation ; Efficiency ; Gages ; Meteorological instruments ; Transfer functions ; Climatic conditions ; Intercomparisons ; Measurements of ; Precipitation gauges ; Precipitation measurement ; Solid precipitation ; Spatial variability ; World meteorological organizations ; Uncertainty analysis ; air temperature ; climate conditions ; measurement method ; precipitation assessment ; raingauge ; transfer function ; wind velocity
英文摘要: Although precipitation has been measured for many centuries, precipitation measurements are still beset with significant inaccuracies. Solid precipitation is particularly difficult to measure accurately, and wintertime precipitation measurement biases between different observing networks or different regions can exceed 100 %. Using precipitation gauge results from the World Meteorological Organization Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (WMO-SPICE), errors in precipitation measurement caused by gauge uncertainty, spatial variability in precipitation, hydrometeor type, crystal habit, and wind were quantified. The methods used to calculate gauge catch efficiency and correct known biases are described. Adjustments, in the form of "transfer functions" that describe catch efficiency as a function of air temperature and wind speed, were derived using measurements from eight separate WMO-SPICE sites for both unshielded and single-Alter-shielded precipitation-weighing gauges. For the unshielded gauges, the average undercatch for all eight sites was 0.50 mm h-1 (34 %), and for the single-Alter-shielded gauges it was 0.35 mm h-1 (24 %). After adjustment, the mean bias for both the unshielded and single-Alter measurements was within 0.03 mm h-1 (2 %) of zero. The use of multiple sites to derive such adjustments makes these results unique and more broadly applicable to other sites with various climatic conditions. In addition, errors associated with the use of a single transfer function to correct gauge undercatch at multiple sites were estimated. © 2017 Author(s).
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/79113
Appears in Collections:气候变化事实与影响

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作者单位: Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division, ARL, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oak Ridge, TN, United States; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada; World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada; Meteoswiss, Payerne, Switzerland; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Delegación Territorial de AEMET (Spanish National Meteorological Agency) en Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea

Recommended Citation:
Kochendorfer J,, Nitu R,, Wolff M,et al. Analysis of single-Alter-shielded and unshielded measurements of mixed and solid precipitation from WMO-SPICE[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2017-01-01,21(7)
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