DOI: 10.5194/hess-22-1221-2018
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85042061203
论文题名: Characterization and evaluation of controls on post-fire streamflow response across western US watersheds
作者: Saxe S ; , Hogue T ; S ; , Hay L
刊名: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
ISSN: 10275606
出版年: 2018
卷: 22, 期: 2 起始页码: 1221
结束页码: 1237
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Climate models
; Decision trees
; Fire hazards
; Fires
; Precipitation (meteorology)
; Rain
; Regression analysis
; Stream flow
; Watersheds
; Independent variables
; Management decisions
; Negative correlation
; Precipitation events
; Random forest modeling
; Regional differences
; Spearman correlation
; Western United States
; Runoff
英文摘要: This research investigates the impact of wildfires on watershed flow regimes, specifically focusing on evaluation of fire events within specified hydroclimatic regions in the western United States, and evaluating the impact of climate and geophysical variables on response. Eighty-two watersheds were identified with at least 10 years of continuous pre-fire daily streamflow records and 5 years of continuous post-fire daily flow records. Percent change in annual runoff ratio, low flows, high flows, peak flows, number of zero flow days, baseflow index, and Richards-Baker flashiness index were calculated for each watershed using pre- and post-fire periods. Independent variables were identified for each watershed and fire event, including topographic, vegetation, climate, burn severity, percent area burned, and soils data. Results show that low flows, high flows, and peak flows increase in the first 2 years following a wildfire and decrease over time. Relative response was used to scale response variables with the respective percent area of watershed burned in order to compare regional differences in watershed response. To account for variability in precipitation events, runoff ratio was used to compare runoff directly to PRISM precipitation estimates. To account for regional differences in climate patterns, watersheds were divided into nine regions, or clusters, through k-means clustering using climate data, and regression models were produced for watersheds grouped by total area burned. Watersheds in Cluster 9 (eastern California, western Nevada, Oregon) demonstrate a small negative response to observed flow regimes after fire. Cluster 8 watersheds (coastal California) display the greatest flow responses, typically within the first year following wildfire. Most other watersheds show a positive mean relative response. In addition, simple regression models show low correlation between percent watershed burned and streamflow response, implying that other watershed factors strongly influence response. Spearman correlation identified NDVI, aridity index, percent of a watershed's precipitation that falls as rain, and slope as being positively correlated with post-fire streamflow response. This metric also suggested a negative correlation between response and the soil erodibility factor, watershed area, and percent low burn severity. Regression models identified only moderate burn severity and watershed area as being consistently positively/negatively correlated, respectively, with response. The random forest model identified only slope and percent area burned as significant watershed parameters controlling response. Results will help inform post-fire runoff management decisions by helping to identify expected changes to flow regimes, as well as facilitate parameterization for model application in burned watersheds. © Author(s) 2018. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/79394
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Civil and Environmental Engineering and Hydrologic Science and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States; National Research Program, United States Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO, United States
Recommended Citation:
Saxe S,, Hogue T,S,et al. Characterization and evaluation of controls on post-fire streamflow response across western US watersheds[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2018-01-01,22(2)