DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.001
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84937836214
论文题名: Measurement of black carbon emissions from in-use diesel-electric passenger locomotives in California
作者: Tang N ; W ; , Apte J ; S ; , Martien P ; T ; , Kirchstetter T ; W
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2015
卷: 115 起始页码: 295
结束页码: 303
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Black carbon
; Carbon footprint
; Emission standards
; Locomotive emissions
; Particulate matter
Scopus关键词: Amphibious vehicles
; Automobile engines
; Carbon dioxide
; Carbon footprint
; Electric equipment protection
; Environmental impact
; Environmental Protection Agency
; Fleet operations
; Machinery
; Particulate emissions
; Passenger cars
; Transportation
; Black carbon
; Black carbon emission
; Emission standard
; Environmental Protection Agency's
; Light duty vehicles
; Locomotive emission
; Particulate Matter
; Standard deviation
; Engines
; black carbon
; carbon dioxide
; automobile
; black carbon
; carbon dioxide
; carbon footprint
; commuting
; concentration (composition)
; diesel
; electric vehicle
; environmental protection
; exhaust emission
; fuel consumption
; measurement method
; particulate matter
; plume
; railway transport
; standard (regulation)
; Article
; car
; carbon footprint
; electric passenger locomotive
; motor vehicle
; plume
; priority journal
; United States
; velocity
; California
; United States
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: Black carbon (BC) emission factors were measured for a California commuter rail line fleet of diesel-electric passenger locomotives (Caltrain). The emission factors are based on BC and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) concentrations in the exhaust plumes of passing locomotives, which were measured from pedestrian overpasses using portable analyzers. Each of the 29 locomotives in the fleet was sampled on 4-20 separate occasions at different locations to characterize different driving modes. The average emission factor expressed as g BC emitted per kg diesel consumed was 0.87 ± 0.66 g kg-1 (±1 standard deviation, n = 362 samples). BC emission factors tended to be higher for accelerating locomotives traveling at higher speeds with engines in higher notch settings. Higher fuel-based BC emission factors (g kg-1) were measured for locomotives equipped with separate "head-end" power generators (SEP-HEPs), which power the passenger cars, while higher time-based emission factors (g h-1) were measured for locomotives without SEP-HEPs, whose engines are continuously operated at high speeds to provide both head-end and propulsion power. PM10 emission factors, estimated assuming a BC/PM10 emission ratio of 0.6 and a typical power output-to-fuel consumption ratio, were generally in line with the Environmental Protection Agency's locomotive exhaust emission standards. Per passenger mile, diesel-electric locomotives in this study emit only 20% of the CO2 emitted by typical gasoline-powered light-duty vehicles (i.e., cars). However, the reduction in carbon footprint (expressed in terms of CO2 equivalents) due to CO2 emissions avoidance from a passenger commuting by train rather than car is appreciably offset by the locomotive's higher BC emissions. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/81634
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, BerkeleyCA, United States; Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States; Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States; Planning and Climate Protection Division, Bay Area Air Quality Management District, San Francisco, CA, United States
Recommended Citation:
Tang N,W,, Apte J,et al. Measurement of black carbon emissions from in-use diesel-electric passenger locomotives in California[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2015-01-01,115