DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.004
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84929145106
论文题名: Seasonal variations of outdoor air pollution and factors driving them in the school environment in rural Bhutan
作者: Wangchuk T ; , He C ; , Dudzinska M ; R ; , Morawska L
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2015
卷: 113 起始页码: 151
结束页码: 158
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Bhutan
; Outdoor
; Pollutants
; Rural
; School
; Season
Scopus关键词: Air pollution
; Air quality
; Carbonyl compounds
; Developing countries
; Drought
; Rural areas
; Volatile organic compounds
; Bhutan
; Outdoor
; Pollutants
; School
; Season
; Pollution
; carbonyl derivative
; formaldehyde
; hexanal
; nitrogen dioxide
; volatile organic compound
; air quality
; air sampling
; atmospheric pollution
; developing world
; particle size
; pollutant source
; quantitative analysis
; rural area
; seasonal variation
; volatile organic compound
; air pollutant
; air pollution
; air quality
; Article
; Bhutan
; cleaning
; combustion
; cooking
; human
; limit of detection
; particulate matter
; priority journal
; rural area
; sampling
; school
; seasonal variation
; Bhutan
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: A quantitative understanding of outdoor air quality in school environments is crucial given that air pollution levels inside classrooms are significantly influenced by outdoor pollution sources. To date, only a handful of studies have been conducted on this important topic in developing countries. The aim of this study was to quantify pollutant levels in the outdoor environment of a school in Bhutan and assess the factors driving them. Measurements were conducted for 16 weeks, spanning the wet and dry seasons, in a rural school in Bhutan. PM10 , PM2.5 , particle number (PN) and CO were measured daily using real-time instruments, while weekly samples for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbonyls and NO2 were collected using a passive sampling method. Overall mean PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations (μg/m3) were 27 and 13 for the wet, and 36 and 29 for the dry season, respectively. Only wet season data were available for PN concentrations, with a mean of 2.56×103 particles/cm3. Mean CO concentrations were below the detection limit of the instrumentation for the entire measurement period. Only low levels of eight VOCs were detected in both the wet and dry seasons, which presented different seasonal patterns in terms of the concentration of different compounds. The notable carbonyls were formaldehyde and hexaldehyde, with mean concentrations (μg/m3) of 2.37 and 2.41 for the wet, and 6.22 and 0.34 for the dry season, respectively. Mean NO2 concentration for the dry season was 1.7μg/m3, while it was below the detection limit of the instrumentation for the wet season. The pollutant concentrations were associated with a number of factors, such as cleaning and combustion activities in and around the school. A comparison with other school studies showed comparable results with a few of the studies, but in general, we found lower pollutant concentrations in the present study. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/81718
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Environmental Science, Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Bhutan; Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland
Recommended Citation:
Wangchuk T,, He C,, Dudzinska M,et al. Seasonal variations of outdoor air pollution and factors driving them in the school environment in rural Bhutan[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2015-01-01,113