Aerosols
; Air quality
; Ammonia
; Gases
; Horizontal drilling
; Hydraulic fracturing
; Meteorology
; Natural gas well drilling
; Nitrates
; Nitric acid
; Nitrogen oxides
; Volatile organic compounds
; Bakken
; Gas-particle partitioning
; Haze
; Nitric acid concentration
; Nitrogen oxide emissions
; Oil and natural gas
; Particulate Matter
; Volatile organic compound (VOC)
; Oil field development
; alkane
; ammonia
; ammonium nitrate
; bicarbonate
; calcium
; chloride
; glass
; magnesium
; natural gas
; nitrate
; nitric acid
; nitric acid derivative
; nitrite
; nitrogen oxide
; oil
; phosphorous acid
; potassium
; sodium
; sulfur dioxide
; volatile organic compound
; aerosol
; air quality
; ammonia
; atmospheric modeling
; chemical composition
; concentration (composition)
; emission
; gas production
; haze
; industrial location
; natural gas
; nitrate
; oil
; oil production
; particulate matter
; partitioning
; source identification
; sulfate
; volatile organic compound
; aerosol
; air analysis
; air quality
; Article
; chemical composition
; concentration process
; exhaust gas
; fracking
; haze
; oil and gas field
; particulate matter
; priority journal
; seasonal variation
; spring
; thermodynamics
; United States
; winter
; United States
Scopus学科分类:
Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要:
In the past decade increased use of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling has dramatically expanded oil and gas production in the Bakken formation region. Long term monitoring sites have indicated an increase in wintertime aerosol nitrate and sulfate in this region from particulate matter (PM2.5) measurements collected between 2000 and 2010. No previous intensive air quality field campaign has been conducted in this region to assess impacts from oil and gas development on regional fine particle concentrations. The research presented here investigates wintertime PM2.5concentrations and composition as part of the Bakken Air Quality Study (BAQS). Measurements from BAQS took place over two wintertime sampling periods at multiple sites in the United States portion of the Bakken formation and show regionally elevated episodes of PM2.5during both study periods. Ammonium nitrate was a major contributor to haze episodes. Periods of air stagnation or recirculation were associated with rapid increases in PM2.5concentrations. Volatile organic compound (VOC) signatures suggest that air masses during these episodes were dominated by emissions from the Bakken region itself. Formation rates of alkyl nitrates from alkanes revealed an air mass aging timescale of typically less than a day for periods with elevated PM2.5. A thermodynamic inorganic aerosol model (ISORROPIA) was used to investigate gas-particle partitioning and to examine the sensitivity of PM2.5concentrations to aerosol precursor concentrations. Formation of ammonium nitrate, the dominant component, was most sensitive to ammonia concentrations during winter and to nitric acid concentrations during early spring when ammonia availability increases. The availability of excess ammonia suggests capacity for further ammonium nitrate formation if nitrogen oxide emissions increase in the future and lead to additional secondary formation of nitric acid. � 2017 Elsevier Ltd
Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, 1371 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, United States; National Park Service, Air Resources Division, Fort Collins, CO, United States; National Park Service, Air Resources Division, Lakewood, CO, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States; Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
Recommended Citation:
Evanoski-Cole A,R,, Gebhart K,et al. Composition and sources of winter haze in the Bakken oil and gas extraction region[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2017-01-01,156