DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.06.046
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85022046510
论文题名: How private vehicle use increases ambient air pollution concentrations at schools during the morning drop-off of children
作者: Adams M ; D ; , Requia W ; J
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2017
卷: 165 起始页码: 264
结束页码: 273
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Air pollution
; Children
; Emissions
; Particulate matter
; Pollution exposure
Scopus关键词: Air pollution
; Drops
; Education
; Linear regression
; Particulate emissions
; Pollution
; Regression analysis
; Societies and institutions
; Students
; Surveys
; Ambient air pollution
; Ambient concentrations
; Background conditions
; Children
; Environmental pollutants
; Linear regression models
; Particulate Matter
; PM2.5 concentration
; Vehicles
; ambient air
; atmospheric pollution
; child health
; concentration (composition)
; particulate matter
; pollution exposure
; regression analysis
; transport vehicle
; transportation
; air pollution
; ambient air
; Article
; dispersion
; exhaust gas
; exposure
; health hazard
; human
; meteorology
; particulate matter
; priority journal
; school
; simulation
; traffic and transport
; North America
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: A child's exposure to environmental pollutants can have life-long health effects. Thus it is critical to understand the potential exposure pathways. In this paper, we examine the increase in ambient PM2.5 concentrations at schools from private vehicle use for dropping children off at school. In North America, students are commonly driven to school in a private vehicle. Additionally, students walk or cycle, or take a school bus. Our vehicle surveys recorded between 23 and 116 personal vehicles at 25 schools, where enrolment ranged from 160 to 765 students. We fit a linear regression model to predict the number of vehicles at schools we did not observe within our study area, which explained 57% of the variation in our surveys. A microsimulation traffic model was created for each of the 86 schools we studied. Outputs from the traffic model were used to determine the emissions generated at each school. PM2.5 emissions varied from 0.14 to 6.38 g. Lastly, we dispersed the emissions produced by private vehicles dropping off students, which are emissions generated by unnecessary trips because students further than walking distance are provided transportation by the school board. At the drop-off location in front of the school, we found ambient concentration increases of at least 5 μg/m3, 10 μg/m3, 25 μg/m3 and 50 μg/m3 during 16.8%, 7.6%, 2.0% and 0.5% of the mornings, respectively. This research was conducted in a medium-sized North American city and should allow transferability to similar cities. We conclude that the use of private vehicles can significantly increase local concentrations, regardless of background conditions. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/82328
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Geography, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Institute for Transportation & Logistics, McMaster University, School of Geography and Earth Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Recommended Citation:
Adams M,D,, Requia W,et al. How private vehicle use increases ambient air pollution concentrations at schools during the morning drop-off of children[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2017-01-01,165