DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.05.004
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85019119512
论文题名: Determinants of black carbon, particle mass and number concentrations in London transport microenvironments
作者: Rivas I ; , Kumar P ; , Hagen-Zanker A ; , Andrade M ; D ; F ; , Slovic A ; D ; , Pritchard J ; P ; , Geurs K ; T
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2017
卷: 161 起始页码: 247
结束页码: 262
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Commuting
; Extrapolation
; Linear regression
; Personal exposure assessment
; Transport mode
Scopus关键词: Buses
; Exposure controls
; Extrapolation
; Linear regression
; Particles (particulate matter)
; Pollution
; Speed
; Transportation
; Transportation routes
; Ambient concentrations
; Commuting
; Concentration variation
; High temporal resolution
; Number concentration
; Personal exposure assessments
; Transport modes
; Ultrafine particle number
; Wind
; black carbon
; assessment method
; black carbon
; commuting
; concentration (composition)
; particulate matter
; pollutant transport
; pollution exposure
; pollution monitoring
; regression analysis
; traffic emission
; Article
; England
; human
; meteorology
; microenvironment
; monitoring
; particulate matter
; pollutant
; predictor variable
; priority journal
; travel
; velocity
; wind
; England
; London [England]
; United Kingdom
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: We investigated the determinants of personal exposure concentrations of commuters’ to black carbon (BC), ultrafine particle number concentrations (PNC), and particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) in different travel modes. We quantified the contribution of key factors that explain the variation of the previous pollutants in four commuting routes in London, each covered by four transport modes (car, bus, walk and underground). Models were performed for each pollutant, separately to assess the effect of meteorology (wind speed) or ambient concentrations (with either high spatial or temporal resolution). Concentration variations were mainly explained by wind speed or ambient concentrations and to a lesser extent by route and period of the day. In multivariate models with wind speed, the wind speed was the common significant predictor for all the pollutants in the above-ground modes (i.e., car, bus, walk); and the only predictor variable for the PM fractions. Wind speed had the strongest effect on PM during the bus trips, with an increase in 1 m s−1 leading to a decrease in 2.25, 2.90 and 4.98 μg m−3 of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in car trips were better explained by ambient concentrations with high temporal resolution although from a single monitoring station. On the other hand, ambient concentrations with high spatial coverage but lower temporal resolution predicted better the concentrations in bus trips, due to bus routes passing through streets with a high variability of traffic intensity. In the underground models, wind speed was not significant and line and type of windows on the train explained 42% of the variation of PNC and 90% of all PM fractions. Trains in the district line with openable windows had an increase in concentrations of 1 684 cm−3 for PNC and 40.69 μg m−3 for PM2.5 compared with trains that had non-openable windows. The results from this work can be used to target efforts to reduce personal exposures of London commuters. © 2017 The Authors Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/82438
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Environmental Flow (EnFlo) Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Atmospheric Sciences Department, Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1226 - Butantã, São Paulo - SP, Brazil; Centre for Transport Studies, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, Netherlands
Recommended Citation:
Rivas I,, Kumar P,, Hagen-Zanker A,et al. Determinants of black carbon, particle mass and number concentrations in London transport microenvironments[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2017-01-01,161