DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.01.021
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85009433883
论文题名: Comparisons of methods to obtain insoluble particles in snow for transmission electron microscopy
作者: Ren Y ; , Zhang X ; , Wei H ; , Xu L ; , Zhang J ; , Sun J ; , Wang X ; , Li W
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2017
卷: 153 起始页码: 61
结束页码: 69
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Ice nuclei
; Snow
; Tangential flow filtration and dilution
; Transmission electron microscopy
Scopus关键词: Carbon films
; Desalination
; Dissolution
; Drops
; Electron microscopy
; Electrons
; Filtration
; High resolution transmission electron microscopy
; Mass spectrometry
; Microfiltration
; Transmission electron microscopy
; Water filtration
; Carbonaceous particles
; Ice nuclei
; Individual particle analysis
; Microscopic observations
; Physicochemical property
; Polycarbonate membranes
; Sample preparation methods
; Tangential flow filtrations
; Snow
; ice
; metal
; mineral
; polycarbonate
; snow
; water
; aerosol
; analytical method
; dilution
; filtration
; flow pattern
; meltwater
; sample preparation
; snow
; tracer
; transmission electron microscopy
; aerosol
; Article
; chemical composition
; dilution
; filtration
; fly ash
; freeze drying
; physical chemistry
; priority journal
; separation technique
; soot
; transmission electron microscopy
; water analysis
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: Most studies of insoluble particles in snow have been focused on their mass concentration. Little is understood about the physicochemical properties of individual insoluble particles in snow. However, the information is essential to trace sources of the particles, to understand ice nuclei, and to quantify critical aerosol particles (e.g., black carbon) in snow analyzed by bulk methods. The lack of individual particle analyses of snow meltwater stems from the difficulty of producing feasible samples of the snow-borne insoluble particles. In this study, we examined six sample preparation methods and compared their results using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results are the following: (1) Drop-by-drop method (DDM) is the easiest method to make TEM samples but cannot remove the influence of the dissolved substances in snow meltwater. (2) Direct filtration method (DFM) was infeasible because the water penetration of carbon film on copper TEM grids is low. (3) Filtration and transfer method (FTM) is through using ultrasonication to transfer insoluble particles on the nuclepore polycarbonate membranes to TEM grids. The drawback of this method is that ultrasonication breaks individual particles into fragments. (4) Freeze-drying method (FDM) can result in new particles from the drying dissolved substances, which interferes with the identification of insoluble particles. (5) Dilution-gravity separation method (DGM) can obtain different substances based on their specific gravity in long standing water. The method can effectively reduce soluble substances but lose insoluble carbonaceous particles (e.g., soot and organic particles). (6) Tangential flow filtration and dilution (TFF-D) through concentrating and desalting dissolved substances is to remove the dissolved substances but keep insoluble particles in snow meltwater. The TFF-D method not only can be suitable for electron microscopy to study individual insoluble particles in snow meltwater but also for any offline microscopic observation such as Raman spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/82485
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
Recommended Citation:
Ren Y,, Zhang X,, Wei H,et al. Comparisons of methods to obtain insoluble particles in snow for transmission electron microscopy[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2017-01-01,153