Air quality
; Bins
; Deposition
; Health
; Health risks
; Indoor air pollution
; Meteorological instruments
; Elderly residences
; Indoor air quality
; Indoor/outdoor ratios
; Particulate Matter
; Urban areas
; Particles (particulate matter)
; fuel
; air quality
; air traffic
; elderly population
; health impact
; health risk
; indoor air
; metropolitan area
; particle size
; particulate matter
; public health
; respiratory disease
; sampler
; urban area
; World Health Organization
; aged
; ambient air
; Article
; Brazil
; calculation
; concentration (parameters)
; demography
; environment
; female
; human
; major clinical study
; male
; mass
; measurement
; meteorology
; particle size
; particulate matter
; precipitation
; priority journal
; very elderly
; Brazil
; Sao Paulo [Brazil]
Scopus学科分类:
Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要:
The elderly population spend relatively more time indoors and is more sensitive to air pollution–related health risks but there is limited information on the quality of the air they breathe inside their residences. The objectives of this work are to (i) characterise mass of size–segregated particulate matter (PM) in elderly residences in Metropolitan Area of Sao Paulo (MASP) in Brazil, (ii) assess the impact of the meteorological parameters on the behaviour of indoor PM concentrations, (iii) evaluate the indoor and outdoor relationship of PM mass concentration, and (iv) estimate the respiratory deposition doses (RDD). To achieve these objectives, we measured mass concentrations of size–segregated particles in 59 elderly residences in MASP. The measurements were made in the 0.25–10 μm size range in 5 size bins using a Personal Cascade Impactor Sampler. We evaluated the mass concentration of particles using a gravimetric method and compared our PM10 (sum of all size bins) and PM2.5 (sum of all size bins, except PM10–2.5) concentrations against the 24 h mean guidelines recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). Our results show the mean PM10 and PM2.5 measured in elderly residences in MASP as 35.2 and 27.4 μg m−3, respectively. PM2.5 and PM<0.25 (particles with aerodynamic diameter of less than 0.25 μm) contributed 78% and 38% of total PM10, respectively, clearly suggesting a significantly high exposure to fine particles by the elderly. About 13 and 43% of the measurements exceeded the WHO's PM10 and PM2.5 guidelines, respectively. The samples were clustered into five groups to found the behaviour of indoor PM. The cluster representing the residences with higher PM concentration in all size bins are predominantly residences near the heavy traffic areas during the non–precipitation days. About 68% of residences showed the highest fraction of PM<0.25, indicating a high concentration of ultrafine particles in these residences. We calculated indoor/outdoor (I/O) rates and found them as 1.89 and 1.06 for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. About 77% and 40% of the residences had higher PM2.5 and PM10 indoors than those in outdoor environments. During seated position, the RDD rates for coarse and fine particles for male elderly were found to be about 20% and 25% higher compared with female elderly, respectively. Our findings suggest a control of indoor sources in the elderly residences to limit adverse health effects of particulate matter, especially fine particles, on elderly. � 2016 Elsevier Ltd
Departamento de Ci�ncias Atmosf�ricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geof�sica e Ci�ncias Atmosf�ricas, Universidade de S�o Paulo, Rua do Mat�o, 1226, S�o Paulo, S�o Paulo, Brazil; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Environmental Flow (EnFlo) Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Centro de Ci�ncias Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Santo Andr�, S�o Paulo, Brazil
Recommended Citation:
Segalin B,, Kumar P,, Micadei K,et al. Size–segregated particulate matter inside residences of elderly in the Metropolitan Area of S�o Paulo, Brazil[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2017-01-01,148