Agriculture
; Air pollution
; Air quality
; Ammonia
; Animals
; Fertilizers
; Fog
; Houses
; Hydrogen sulfide
; Particulate emissions
; Pollution
; Sulfur determination
; Animal agriculture
; Continuous monitoring
; Emission statistics
; Environmental pollutions
; Pollutant emission
; Poultry house
; Seasonal and diurnal variations
; Tapered element oscillating microbalances
; Carbon dioxide
; ammonia
; carbon dioxide
; hydrogen
; agricultural emission
; air quality
; ammonia
; atmospheric pollution
; baseline conditions
; carbon dioxide
; concentration (composition)
; emission
; environmental factor
; hydrogen sulfide
; particulate matter
; pollution monitoring
; poultry
; ventilation
; air conditioning
; air pollutant
; air sampling
; Article
; carbon footprint
; chemical analysis
; concentration (parameters)
; decomposition
; flow rate
; gas analysis
; hen
; human
; humidity
; manure
; measurement
; particulate matter
; pollutant
; poultry egg
; priority journal
; temperature
; United States
; Indiana
; United States
; Animalia
; Aves
Scopus学科分类:
Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要:
Air pollutants emitted from confined animal buildings can cause environmental pollution and ecological damage. Long-term (>6 months) and continuous (or high frequency) monitoring that can reveal seasonal and diurnal variations is needed to obtain emission factors and characteristics about these pollutants. A two-year continuous monitoring of ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulate matter (PM10) emissions from two 218,000-hen high-rise layer houses (H-A and H-B) in Indiana, USA was conducted from June 2007 to May 2009. Gaseous pollutant concentrations were measured with two gas analyzers and PM10concentrations were measured with three Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalances. The operation and performance of ventilation fans were continuously monitored with multiple methods. Only the emission rates calculated with valid data days (days with more than 18�h, or 75%, of valid data) are reported in this paper. The two-house and two-year mean���standard deviation emissions per day per hen for NH3, H2S, CO2, and PM10were 1.08���0.42�g, 1.37���0.83�mg, 76.7���14.6�g, and 20.6���22.5�mg, respectively. Seasonal emission variations were demonstrated for NH3and CO2, but not evident for H2S and PM10. Ammonia and CO2emissions were higher in winter than in summer. Significant daily mean emission variations were observed for all four pollutants between the two houses (P�<�0.05), and between the two years from the same house (P�<�0.01) except for CO2at one house. Carbon dioxide originated from manure decomposition was >9% of that from bird respiration. Emissions of CO2during molting were about 80% of those during normal egg production days. Emissions of H2S were not a major concern due to their very low quantities. Emissions of PM10were more variable than other pollutants. However, not all of the emission statistics are explainable. � 2017 Elsevier Ltd
Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, United States; Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, United States; Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Idaho, United States; Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, United States; School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, China
Recommended Citation:
Ni J,-Q,, Liu S,et al. Emission factors and characteristics of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and particulate matter at two high-rise layer hen houses[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2017-01-01,154