DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.07.016
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85024498715
论文题名: Comparing on-road real-time simultaneous in-cabin and outdoor particulate and gaseous concentrations for a range of ventilation scenarios
作者: Leavey A ; , Reed N ; , Patel S ; , Bradley K ; , Kulkarni P ; , Biswas P
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2017
卷: 166 起始页码: 130
结束页码: 141
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Aerosols
; Car commuting
; Exposure assessment
; Pollution
; Ventilation
Scopus关键词: Aerosols
; Biological organs
; Particles (particulate matter)
; Roads and streets
; Transportation
; Ventilation
; Car commuting
; Exposure assessment
; Geometric mean diameters
; Linear mixed-effects model
; Meteorological variables
; Particle number concentration
; Particle number size distribution
; Pollutant concentration
; Pollution
; aerosol
; ambient air
; atmospheric gas
; atmospheric pollution
; automobile
; carbon monoxide
; comparative study
; concentration (composition)
; indoor air
; particulate matter
; pollution exposure
; real time
; traffic emission
; ventilation
; aerosol
; air conditioning
; Article
; car driver
; environmental exposure
; environmental temperature
; human
; humidity
; particle size
; particulate matter
; pollutant
; priority journal
; surface area
; travel
; velocity
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: Advanced automobile technology, developed infrastructure, and changing economic markets have resulted in increasing commute times. Traffic is a major source of harmful pollutants and consequently daily peak exposures tend to occur near roadways or while travelling on them. The objective of this study was to measure simultaneous real-time particulate matter (particle numbers, lung-deposited surface area, PM2.5, particle number size distributions) and CO concentrations outside and in-cabin of an on-road car during regular commutes to and from work. Data was collected for different ventilation parameters (windows open or closed, fan on, AC on), whilst travelling along different road-types with varying traffic densities. Multiple predictor variables were examined using linear mixed-effects models. Ambient pollutants (NOx, PM2.5, CO) and meteorological variables (wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, dew point) explained 5–44% of outdoor pollutant variability, while the time spent travelling behind a bus was statistically significant for PM2.5 lung-deposited SA, and CO (adj-R2 values = 0.12, 0.10, 0.13). The geometric mean diameter (GMD) for outdoor aerosol was 34 nm. Larger cabin GMDs were observed when windows were closed compared to open (b = 4.3, p-value = <0.01). When windows were open, cabin total aerosol concentrations tracked those outdoors. With windows closed, the pollutants took longer to enter the vehicle cabin, but also longer to exit it. Concentrations of pollutants in cabin were influenced by outdoor concentrations, ambient temperature, and the window/ventilation parameters. As expected, particle number concentrations were impacted the most by changes to window position/ventilation, and PM2.5 the least. Car drivers can expect their highest exposures when driving with windows open or the fan on, and their lowest exposures during windows closed or the AC on. Final linear mixed-effects models could explain between 88 and 97% of cabin pollutant concentration variability. An individual may control their commuting exposure by applying dynamic behavior modification to adapt to changing pollutant scenarios. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/82652
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
There are no files associated with this item.
作者单位: Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States; CDC/NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH, United States
Recommended Citation:
Leavey A,, Reed N,, Patel S,et al. Comparing on-road real-time simultaneous in-cabin and outdoor particulate and gaseous concentrations for a range of ventilation scenarios[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2017-01-01,166