Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要:
We present a national-scale model analysis on the sources and processes of inorganic nitrogen deposition over China using the GEOS-Chem model at 1/2ï¿½ï¿½× 1/3� horizontal resolution. Model results for 2008–2012 are evaluated with an ensemble of surface measurements of wet deposition flux and gaseous ammonia (NH3) concentration, and satellite measurements of tropospheric NO2columns. Annual total inorganic nitrogen deposition fluxes are simulated to be generally less than 10�kg�N ha−1a−1in western China (less than 2�kg�N ha−1a−1over Tibet), 15–50�kg�N ha−1a−1in eastern China, and 16.4�kg�N ha−1a−1averaged over China. Annual total deposition to China is 16.4�Tg�N, with 10.2�Tg�N (62%) from reduced nitrogen (NHx) and 6.2�Tg�N from oxidized nitrogen (NOy). Domestic anthropogenic sources contribute 86% of the total deposition; foreign anthropogenic sources 7% and natural sources 7%. Annually 23% of domestically emitted NH3and 36% for NOxare exported outside the terrestrial land of China. We find that atmospheric nitrogen deposition is about half of the nitrogen input from fertilizer application (29.6�Tg�N a−1), and is much higher than that from natural biological fixation (7.3�Tg�N a−1) over China. A comparison of nitrogen deposition with critical load estimates for eutrophication indicates that about 15% of the land over China experiences critical load exceedances, demonstrating the necessity of nitrogen emission controls to avoid potential negative ecological effects. � 2017 Elsevier Ltd
Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Recommended Citation:
Zhao Y,, Zhang L,, Chen Y,et al. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition to China: A model analysis on nitrogen budget and critical load exceedance[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2017-01-01,153