DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.063
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85029673736
论文题名: PM2.5 emissions and source profiles from open burning of crop residues
作者: Ni H ; , Tian J ; , Wang X ; , Wang Q ; , Han Y ; , Cao J ; , Long X ; , Chen L ; -W ; A ; , Chow J ; C ; , Watson J ; G ; , Huang R ; -J ; , Dusek U
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2017
卷: 169 起始页码: 229
结束页码: 237
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Biomass burning
; Crop residues
; Emission factors
; Emission rates
; Source profiles
Scopus关键词: Agricultural wastes
; Combustion chambers
; Crops
; Organic carbon
; Straw
; Uncertainty analysis
; Biomass-burning
; Crop residue
; Emission factors
; Emission rates
; Source profiles
; Chlorine
; ammonia
; calcium ion
; carbon
; chloride ion
; magnesium ion
; nitrate
; organic carbon
; potassium ion
; sodium ion
; sulfate
; agricultural emission
; biomass burning
; combustion
; crop residue
; elemental carbon
; organic carbon
; particulate matter
; straw
; wood
; Article
; China
; combustion
; maize
; particulate matter
; plant residue
; priority journal
; rice straw
; rural area
; wheat straw
; China
; Triticum aestivum
; Zea mays
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: Wheat straw, rice straw, and corn stalks, the major agricultural crop residues in China, were collected from six major crop producing regions, and burned in a laboratory combustion chamber to determine PM2.5 source profiles and speciated emission factors (EFs). Organic carbon (OC) and water-soluble ions (the sum of NH4 +, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, NO3 − and SO4 2−) are major constituents, accounting for 43.1 ± 8.3% and 27.4 ± 14.6% of PM2.5, respectively. Chloride (Cl−) and water-soluble potassium (K+) are the dominant ionic species, with an average abundance of 14.5 ± 8.2% and 6.4 ± 4.4% in PM2.5, respectively. The average K+/Cl− ratio is ∼0.4, lower than 2.8–5.4 for wood combustion. Similarity measures (i.e., Student's t-test, coefficient of divergence, correlations, and residual to uncertainty ratios) show the crop profiles are too similar for the species measured to be resolved from one another by receptor modeling. The largest difference was found between rice straw and corn stalk emissions, with higher OC and lower Cl− and K+ abundances (50%, 8%, and 3% of PM2.5, respectively) for corn stalks; lower OC, and higher Cl− and K+ abundances (38%, 21%, and 10% of PM2.5, respectively) for rice straw. Average EFs were 4.8 ± 3.1 g kg−1 for OC, 1.3 ± 0.8 g kg−1 for Cl− and 0.59 ± 0.56 g kg−1 for K+. Flaming and smoldering combustions resulted in an average modified combustion efficiency (MCE) of 0.92 ± 0.03, and low elemental carbon (EC) EFs (0.24 ± 0.12 g kg−1). OC/EC ratios from individual source profiles ranged from 12.9 ± 4.3 for rice straw to 24.1 ± 13.5 for wheat straw. The average K+/EC ratio was 2.4 ± 1.5, an order of magnitude higher than those from residential wood combustion (0.2–0.76). Elevated emission rates were found for OC (387 Gg yr−1) and Cl− (122 Gg yr−1), accounting for 44% and 14% of 2008 PM2.5 emissions in China. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/82756
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics (KLACP), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV, United States; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland; Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Netherlands
Recommended Citation:
Ni H,, Tian J,, Wang X,et al. PM2.5 emissions and source profiles from open burning of crop residues[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2017-01-01,169