DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.01.008
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85041491456
论文题名: Increases in wintertime PM2.5 sodium and chloride linked to snowfall and road salt application
作者: Kolesar K ; R ; , Mattson C ; N ; , Peterson P ; K ; , May N ; W ; , Prendergast R ; K ; , Pratt K ; A
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2018
卷: 177 起始页码: 195
结束页码: 202
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Chloride
; PM2.5
; Road salt
; Sodium
; Urban
; Winter
Scopus关键词: Aerosols
; Air quality
; Chemical speciation
; Chlorine compounds
; Environmental Protection Agency
; Particles (particulate matter)
; Roads and streets
; Salts
; Snow
; Sodium
; Transportation
; Urban planning
; Chloride
; PM2.5
; Road salts
; Urban
; Winter
; Urban growth
; chloride
; chlorine
; potassium
; road salt
; snow
; sodium
; sodium chloride
; unclassified drug
; aerosol
; air quality
; Article
; chemical composition
; clinical assessment
; comparative study
; concentration process
; controlled study
; environmental monitoring
; particulate matter
; priority journal
; railway
; sea
; seasonal variation
; summer
; United States
; urban area
; winter
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: The application of salts and salty brines to roads is common practice during the winter in many urban environments. Road salts can become aerosolized, thereby injecting sodium and chloride particulate matter (PM) into the atmosphere. Here, data from the United States Environmental Protection Agency Chemical Speciation Monitoring Network were used to assess temporal trends of sodium and chloride PM2.5 (PM < 2.5 μm) at 25 locations across the United States to investigate the ubiquity of road salt aerosols. Sodium and chloride PM2.5 concentrations were an average of three times higher in the winter, as compared to the summer, for locations with greater than 25 cm of average annual snowfall. Winter urban chloride PM2.5 concentrations attributed to road salt can even sometimes rival those of coastal sea spray aerosol-influenced sites. In most snow-influenced cities, chloride and sodium PM2.5 concentrations were positively correlated with snowfall; however, this relationship is complicated by differences in state and local winter maintenance practices. This study highlights the ubiquity of road salt aerosols in the United States and their potential impact on wintertime urban air quality, particularly due to the potential for multiphase reactions to liberate chlorine from the particle-phase. Since road salt application is a common practice in wintertime urban environments across the world, it is imperative that road salt application emissions, currently not included in inventories, and its impacts be investigated through measurements and modeling. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/83030
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Air Sciences, Inc., Portland, OR, United States
Recommended Citation:
Kolesar K,R,, Mattson C,et al. Increases in wintertime PM2.5 sodium and chloride linked to snowfall and road salt application[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2018-01-01,177