DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.055
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85037350465
论文题名: The reduction of summer sulfate and switch from summertime to wintertime PM2.5 concentration maxima in the United States
作者: Chan E ; A ; W ; , Gantt B ; , McDow S
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2018
卷: 175 起始页码: 25
结束页码: 32
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Air quality
; Fine particulate matter
; Nitrate
; Organic carbon
; PM2.5
; Sulfate
Scopus关键词: Air quality
; Nitrates
; Organic carbon
; Sulfur compounds
; Urban growth
; Aerodynamic diameters
; Air quality monitoring
; Cardio-vascular disease
; Fine particulate matter
; Particulate matter air pollution
; PM2.5
; Spatial and temporal scale
; Sulfate
; Particles (particulate matter)
; nitrate
; organic carbon
; sulfate
; air quality
; atmospheric pollution
; cardiovascular disease
; concentration (composition)
; mortality
; nitrate
; organic carbon
; particulate matter
; pollution exposure
; seasonal variation
; sulfate
; summer
; urban area
; urban site
; winter
; Article
; particulate matter
; priority journal
; rural area
; seasonal variation
; secondary organic aerosol
; summer
; United States
; urban area
; winter
; United States
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: Exposure to particulate matter air pollution with a nominal mean aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) has been associated with health effects including cardiovascular disease and death. Here, we add to the understanding of urban and rural PM2.5 concentrations over large spatial and temporal scales in recent years. We used high-quality, publicly-available air quality monitoring data to evaluate PM2.5 concentration patterns and changes during the years 2000–2015. Compiling and averaging measurements collected across the U.S. revealed that PM2.5 concentrations from urban sites experienced seasonal maxima in both winter and summer. Within each year from 2000 to 2008, the maxima of urban summer peaks were greater than winter peaks. However, from 2012 to 2015, the maxima of urban summertime PM2.5 peaks were smaller than the urban wintertime PM2.5 maxima, due to a decrease in the magnitude of summertime maxima with no corresponding decrease in the magnitude of winter maxima. PM2.5 measurements at rural sites displayed summer peaks with magnitudes relatively similar to those of urban sites, and negligible to no winter peaks through the time period analyzed. Seasonal variations of urban and rural PM2.5 sulfate, PM2.5 nitrate, and PM2.5 organic carbon (OC) were also assessed. Summer peaks in PM2.5 sulfate decreased dramatically between 2000 and 2015, whereas seasonal PM2.5 OC and winter PM2.5 nitrate concentration maxima remained fairly consistent. These findings demonstrate that PM2.5 concentrations, especially those occurring in the summertime, have declined in the U.S. from 2000 to 2015. In addition, reduction strategies targeting sulfate have been successful and the decrease in PM2.5 sulfate contributed to the decline in total PM2.5. © 2017 Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/83097
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Fellow at the National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle ParkNC, United States; Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle ParkNC, United States; National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle ParkNC, United States
Recommended Citation:
Chan E,A,W,et al. The reduction of summer sulfate and switch from summertime to wintertime PM2.5 concentration maxima in the United States[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2018-01-01,175