DOI: 10.1007/s10584-013-0936-8
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84925840651
论文题名: Interactions between urbanization, heat stress, and climate change
作者: Oleson K.W. ; Monaghan A. ; Wilhelmi O. ; Barlage M. ; Brunsell N. ; Feddema J. ; Hu L. ; Steinhoff D.F.
刊名: Climatic Change
ISSN: 0165-0009
EISSN: 1573-1480
出版年: 2015
卷: 129, 期: 2018-03-04 起始页码: 525
结束页码: 541
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Atmospheric temperature
; Rural areas
; Thermal stress
; Adaptive capacity
; Apparent temperature
; Human mortality
; Land surface modeling
; Rural and urban
; Urban canyons
; Urban Heat Island Effects
; Wet-bulb globe temperatures
; Climate change
; climate change
; heat balance
; heat island
; magnitude
; mortality
; nature-society relations
; numerical model
; temperature effect
; urban area
; urbanization
; vulnerability
; Canada
; United States
英文摘要: Heat stress (HS) is a leading cause of weather-related human mortality. As temperatures continue to increase due to climate change, HS is expected to worsen. HS can be magnified in urban areas because of the urban heat island effect. We use an urban canyon model coupled to a land surface model to quantify present-day and projected mid-21st century rural and urban HS for boreal summer over the U.S. and southern Canada and examine the effects of three urban density classes on HS. Five indices of HS are implemented in the model [the NWS Heat Index (HI), Apparent Temperature (AT), Simplified Wet Bulb Globe Temperature, Humidex, and Discomfort Index]. The present-day urban-rural contrast in HS differs according to which index is used. The HI and Humidex have higher urban-rural HS for all density classes than defined by temperature alone. Future urban HS is amplified by 0.5–1.0 °C for the AT, HI, and Humidex compared to temperature alone. For four cities examined in further detail, climate change by mid-century increases the number of high HS days and nights in both rural and urban areas, the magnitude being highly dependent on HS index, urban density class, and each city’s climatic setting. Houston exhibits noteworthy mid-century increases in high heat stress nights, with more than half of summer nights qualifying as high HS in not only urban areas but also rural areas, indicating the need to consider vulnerability and adaptive capacity of both rural and urban populations in the context of climate change. © 2013, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/84646
Appears in Collections: 气候减缓与适应 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO, United States; University of Kansas, 1475 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS, United States
Recommended Citation:
Oleson K.W.,Monaghan A.,Wilhelmi O.,et al. Interactions between urbanization, heat stress, and climate change[J]. Climatic Change,2015-01-01,129(2018-03-04)