globalchange  > 影响、适应和脆弱性
项目编号: 1417678
项目名称:
Collaborative Research: GreenTrACS: a Greenland Traverse for Accumulation and Climate Studies
作者: Erich Osterberg
承担单位: Dartmouth College
批准年: 2014
开始日期: 2015-01-01
结束日期: 2018-12-31
资助金额: USD596737
资助来源: US-NSF
项目类别: Standard Grant
国家: US
语种: 英语
特色学科分类: Geosciences - Polar
英文关键词: surface ; greenland ice sheet ; snow accumulation ; accumulation ; surface mass balance ; regional climate model ; project ; western greenland percolation zone ; year ; traverse ; research objective ; previous traverse route ; traverse route ; firn core accumulation record ; web-hosted climate lesson ; numerous undergraduate researcher ; climate reanalys ; western greenland ; model validation ; maine climate reanalyzer ; western greenland firn core accumulation record ; recent climate reanalysis model ; several climate reanalysis model
英文摘要: The stability of the Greenland Ice Sheet is of critical interest to scientists and society
at large in the context of future sea-level rise. The extent to which the Greenland Ice Sheet will lose mass and contribute to rising sea level
in the coming decades depends on the discharge from glaciers at its edges and on the surface mass balance, which is the balance between snow accumulation and surface melt. Estimates of Greenland surface mass balance increasingly utilize climate reanalyses and high-resolution regional climate models to determine snow accumulation, surface melt and runoff/refreeze. These models show significant, and model-dependent, biases (differences from observations) along the steep edges of the Greenland Ice Sheet where the highest and most variable (in space and time) rates of accumulation and surface melt are observed. Thus, the edges of the Greenland Ice Sheet are in critical need of updated accumulation
and melt data to validate models and improve mass balance estimates. The investigators propose a traverse in the Western Greenland percolation zone over two field seasons to develop continuous in-situ snow accumulation and firn density records using ground-based radar and shallow firn cores. The research objectives include: (1) determining the patterns, in time and space, of snow accumulation in Western Greenland over the past 20-40 years; (2) evaluating surface melt refreeze and englacial meltwater storage in the Western Greenland percolation
zone over the past 20-40 years; and (3) quantifying the accumulation and surface melt biases of the most recent climate reanalysis models and their regional climate model counterparts.

This project will advance knowledge and understanding by providing in-situ validation observations for both the mass gain (snow accumulation) and mass loss (surface melt) components of Western Greenland surface mass balance. The western edge of the Greenland Ice Sheet has been losing mass at an accelerating rate since 2005, due mostly to decreasing surface mass balance. However, surface mass balance trends derived from regional climate models differ by a factor of ~2.5 in this region. Western Greenland firn core accumulation records, required for model validation, generally end in 1996-1998, before the most recent period of accelerated mass loss. The investigators will develop continuous records of Western Greenland snow accumulation over the last 20-40 years using ground-penetrating radar validated by frequent snow pits and
firn cores (25-30 m) analyzed for chemistry. They also propose to use a multi-offset radar method to calculate continuous firn density
data, providing a means to assess past surface melt, refreeze and current meltwater storage
in glacier aquifers. Meltwater refreeze shows the largest variability in regional climate
models among surface mass balance components, and thus validation observations are critically needed. The traverse route will crisscross the percolation zone, near-parallel to the steepest accumulation and surface melt gradients, which will increase the value of the dataset for model validation. The traverse will overlap previous traverse routes and reoccupy previously sampled sites to update firn core accumulation records by 18-20 years. In addition, the project will collect cores from new sites in data-poor regions at lower elevations, where both accumulation and surface melt increase and regional climate model validation is most needed. Surface mass balance validation of several climate reanalysis models will lead to more accurate assessments
of current and future Greenland Ice Sheet mass balance trends, which is critical for accurately predicting
future sea-level rise. The project will integrate research with student
learning at multiple levels, with an emphasis on the participation of students from underrepresented groups. The project will fund four graduate students, and incorporate numerous undergraduate researchers recruited through successful programs like the Dartmouth Women in Science Project and the Diversity in Undergraduate Geoscience Alliance. K-12 students will be engaged in this project through inquiry-based, web-hosted climate lessons incorporating the University of Maine Climate Reanalyzer and Environmental Change Model, and through field-based programs in the Boise Mountains focused on snow science. The PIs will continue their active public outreach through established and successful programs like the monthly Upper Valley Science Pub and the biannual Snow Day at the Discovery Center of Idaho, in addition to their frequent public presentations and media interviews through their respective Public Affairs offices.
资源类型: 项目
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/95244
Appears in Collections:影响、适应和脆弱性
气候减缓与适应

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Recommended Citation:
Erich Osterberg. Collaborative Research: GreenTrACS: a Greenland Traverse for Accumulation and Climate Studies. 2014-01-01.
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