globalchange  > 气候变化事实与影响
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409149
论文题名:
IARC Monographs: 40 Years of Evaluating Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans
作者: Neil Pearce; 1 Aaron Blair; 2 Paolo Vineis; 3 Wolfgang Ahrens; 4 Aage; ersen; 5 Josep M. Anto; 6 Bruce K. Armstrong; 7; rea A. Baccarelli; 8 Frederick A. Bel; 9 Amy Berrington; 2 Pier Alberto Bertazzi; 10 Linda S. Birnbaum; 11 Ross C. Brownson; 12 John R. Bucher; 13 Kenneth P. Cantor; 14 Elisabeth Cardis; 15 John W. Cherrie; 16 David C. Christiani; 8 Pierluigi Cocco; 17 David Coggon; 18 Pietro Comba; 19 Paul A. Demers; 20 John M. Dement; 21 Jeroen Douwes; 22 Ellen A. Eisen; 23 Lawrence S. Engel; 24 Richard A. Fenske; 25 Lora E. Fleming; 26 Tony Fletcher; 27 Elizabeth Fontham; 28 Francesco Forastiere; 29 Rainer Frentzel-Beyme; 30 Lin Fritschi; 31 Michel Gerin; 32 Marcel Goldberg; 33 Philippe Gr; jean; 34 Tom K. Grimsrud; 5 Per Gustavsson; 35; y Haines; 27 Patricia Hartge; 2 Johnni Hansen; 36 Michael Hauptmann; 37 Dick Heederik; 38 Kari Hemminki; 39 Denis Hemon; 40 Irva Hertz-Picciotto; 41 Jane A. Hoppin; 42 James Huff; 43 Bengt Jarvholm; 44 Daehee Kang; 45 Margaret R. Karagas; 46 Kristina Kjaerheim; 5 Helge Kjuus; 47 Manolis Kogevinas; 48 David Kriebel; 49 Petter Kristensen; 47 Hans Kromhout; 38 Francine Laden; 8 Pierre Lebailly; 50 Grace LeMasters; 51 Jay H. Lubin; 2 Charles F. Lynch; 52 Elsebeth Lynge; 53; rea ‘t Mannetje; 22 Anthony J. McMichael; 54; John R. McLaughlin; 55 Loraine Marrett; 56 Marco Martuzzi; 57 James A. Merchant; 52 Enzo Merler; 58 Franco Merletti; 59 Anthony Miller; 60 Franklin E. Mirer; 61 Richard Monson; 8 Karl-Cristian Nordby; 47; rew F. Olshan; 24 Marie-Elise Parent; 62 Frederica P. Perera; 63 Melissa J. Perry; 64 Angela Cecilia Pesatori; 10 Roberta Pirastu; 19 Miquel Porta; 65 Eero Pukkala; 66 Carol Rice; 67 David B. Richardson; 24 Leonard Ritter; 68 Beate Ritz; 69 Cecile M. Ronckers; 70 Lesley Rushton; 71 Jennifer A. Rusiecki; 72 Ivan Rusyn; 73 Jonathan M. Samet; 74 Dale P. S; ler; 75 Silvia de Sanjose; 76 Eva Schernhammer; 8 Adele Seniori Costantini; 77 Noah Seixas; 25 Carl Shy; 24 Jack Siemiatycki; 78 Debra T. Silverman; 2 Lorenzo Simonato; 79 Allan H. Smith; 80 Martyn T. Smith; 81 John J. Spinelli; 82 Margaret R. Spitz; 83 Lorann Stallones; 84 Leslie T. Stayner; 85 Kyle Steenl; 86 Mark Stenzel; 87 Bernard W. Stewart; 88 Patricia A. Stewart; 89 Elaine Symanski; 90 Benedetto Terracini; 91 Paige E. Tolbert; 86 Harri Vainio; 92 John Vena; 93 Roel Vermeulen; 38 Cesar G. Victora; 94 Elizabeth M. Ward; 95 Clarice R. Weinberg; 96 Dennis Weisenburger; 97 Catharina Wesseling; 98 Elisabete Weiderpass; 99; Shelia Hoar Zahm100
刊名: Environmental Health Perspectives
ISSN: 0091-7208
出版年: 2015
卷: Volume 123, 期:Issue 6
起始页码: 507
语种: 英语
英文摘要: Background: Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Programme for the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans has been criticized for several of its evaluations, and also for the approach used to perform these evaluations. Some critics have claimed that failures of IARC Working Groups to recognize study weaknesses and biases of Working Group members have led to inappropriate classification of a number of agents as carcinogenic to humans.

Objectives: The authors of this Commentary are scientists from various disciplines relevant to the identification and hazard evaluation of human carcinogens. We examined criticisms of the IARC classification process to determine the validity of these concerns. Here, we present the results of that examination, review the history of IARC evaluations, and describe how the IARC evaluations are performed.

Discussion: We concluded that these recent criticisms are unconvincing. The procedures employed by IARC to assemble Working Groups of scientists from the various disciplines and the techniques followed to review the literature and perform hazard assessment of various agents provide a balanced evaluation and an appropriate indication of the weight of the evidence. Some disagreement by individual scientists to some evaluations is not evidence of process failure. The review process has been modified over time and will undoubtedly be altered in the future to improve the process. Any process can in theory be improved, and we would support continued review and improvement of the IARC processes. This does not mean, however, that the current procedures are flawed.

Conclusions: The IARC Monographs have made, and continue to make, major contributions to the scientific underpinning for societal actions to improve the public’s health.
URL: https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1409149
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/12539
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气候变化与战略

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作者单位: 1Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; 2Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA; 3Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; 4Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany; 5Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; 6Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), and CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; 7School of Public Health, The University of Sydney and Sax Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; 8Department of Environmental Health, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; 9Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA; 10Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan and IRCCS Foundation Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; 11NCI, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; 12Division of Public Health Sciences, and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; 13Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; 14KP Cantor Environmental LLC, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA; 15CREAL, IMIM, and CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain; 16Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; 17Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari-Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy; 18MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; 19Department of Biology and Biotechnology, “Charles Darwin” Sapienza Rome University, Rome, Italy; 20Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 21Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; 22Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand; 23Department of Environmental Health Science, and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA; 24Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; 25Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA; 26European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, Cornwall, United Kingdom; 27Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; 28Louisiana State University School of Public Health, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; 29Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy; 30Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany; 31School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; 32Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Ecole de Santé Publique, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 33Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, Inserm UMS 011, Villejuif, France; 34Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; 35Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; 36Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; 37Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 38Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; 39German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; 40Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cite Center (CRESS), INSERM, UMR 1153, Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Research Group (EPICEA), Paris Descartes University, F-75015, Paris, France; 41Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; 42Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; 43NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; 44Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden; 45College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; 46Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; 47National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway; 48CREAL, IMIM, and CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain; National School of Public Health, Athens Greece; 49Department of Work Environment, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA; 50Centre Francois Baclesse, Universite de Caen, Caen, France; 51Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; 52Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; 53Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; 54National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; 55Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 56Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 57World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, European Centre for Environment and Health, Bonn, Germany; 58Regional Mesothelioma Register, National Health Service, Local Health Authority, Padova, Italy; 59Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; 60Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 61City University of New York (CUNY) School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA; 62INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Universite du Quebec, Laval, Quebec, Canada; 63Department of Environmental Health Sciences, and Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; 64Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA; 65IMIM, CIBERESP, and School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; 66Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland, and School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; 67Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; 68School of Environmental Sciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; 69Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; 70Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children’s Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 71MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; 72Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; 73Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; 74Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; 75Epidemiology Branch, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; 76Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Unit of Infections and Cancer, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), CIBERESP Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain; 77Cancer Prevention and Research Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy; 78Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Ecole de Santé Publique, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 79Laboratory of Public Health and Population Studies, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; 80The School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA; 81Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA; 82Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency and School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; 83Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; 84Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA; 85Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA; 86Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 87Exposure Assessment Applications LLC, Arlington, Virginia, USA; 88Cancer Control Program, South East Sydney Public Health Unit, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; 89Stewart Exposure Assessments LLC, Arlington, Virginia, USA; 90Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA; 91University of Torino and Centro di Riferimento per l’Epidemiologia e la Prevenzione Oncologica, CPO Piemonte, Torino, Italy; 92Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; 93Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; 94Universdade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; 95American Cancer Society Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 96Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; 97Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA; 98Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; 99Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; 100Shelia Zahm Consulting, Hermon, Maine, USA; *

Recommended Citation:
Neil Pearce,1 Aaron Blair,2 Paolo Vineis,et al. IARC Monographs: 40 Years of Evaluating Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives,2015-01-01,Volume 123(Issue 6):507
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