It is necessary when coordinating the relationship between eco-environmental protection and economic development to construct a modern ecological civilization in the Silk Road Economic Zone(SREZ)based on advanced cultures in the region. Here,we analyze eco- environment patterns in the SREZ, summarize ecological civilization modes and propose an action plan to address climate change and cross-border eco-environment protection. The eco-environment of the SREZ is interrelated, including soil, vegetation and other important ecological elements that change along a zonal gradient. Atmospheric and water pollution are also transported via trans- boundary channels. The ecological background of the SREZ is generally fragile and sensitive to global climate change. With the implementation of a SREZ construction strategy and increasing human activity, ecological environmental pressure from industrialization and urbanization will also increase. More attention must be paid to threats to the fragile ecological environment, and positive action is required for all countries to work together to build the ecological civilization of the SREZ. Therefore, protecting ecological space is the basic premise, a good environment without pollution is important, ecological economic prosperity is the driving force, advanced ecological culture is the ideological guideline,ecological legal system is an important guarantee,and high-quality ecological habitat is the direct performance. According to the integrity and transnational migration of eco-environmental problems in the SREZ,an international eco-environment cooperation mechanism should be established as soon as possible. Our detailed action plan includes: a common response to global change and climate extremes commonly;synergistic promotion of ecological restoration projects;strengthening of joint innovation of desertification control technology;water resource efficient utilization and agricultural water-saving irrigation technology;and joint strategies to cope with the long distance transportation of pollutants.