Based on the National Cost-Benefit Survey for agricultural product from 2004 to 2013 in China,the dynamic of carbon footprint and its composition for wheat production based on different functional units in the study were assessed to provide theoretical basis for a low-carbon and cleaner wheat production and climate change mitigation in Shanxi province. The results showed that GHG emissions in the wheat production process in Shanxi province increased from 3 798.5 kg/hm~2 (C0_2-eq) in 2004 to 4 650.5 kg/hm~2 (CO_2-eq) in 2013,with an increasing rate of 74.9 kg/hm~2 (CO_2-eq) each year. Fertilizers application,soil N_2O,and energy consumption from mechanical operation accounted for >90% of the total GHG emissions in whole wheat production. Carbon footprint at yield-scale for wheat production was observed with a subtle change trend, however,which at production value-scale,cost-scale,and net-income-scale decreased gradually since 2004. Carbon footprint of wheat based on different functional units decreased markedly when change in soil organic carbon stock was taken into account. Overall,the rational fertilizer management,the promotion of multi-functional machinery,and the enhancement of soil organic carbon sequestration could be some potential solutions to reduce carbon footprint of wheat in Shanxi province.