DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00262.1
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84880272345
论文题名: Land-ocean warming contrast over a wide range of climates: Convective quasi-equilibrium theory and idealized simulations
作者: Byrne M.P. ; O'Gorman P.A.
刊名: Journal of Climate
ISSN: 8948755
出版年: 2013
卷: 26, 期: 12 起始页码: 4000
结束页码: 4016
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Atmosphere-land interactions
; General circulation model
; Large-scale eddies
; Ocean temperature
; Quasi-equilibrium
; Surface skin temperature
; Surface temperatures
; Temperature contrast
; Atmospheric temperature
; Climate change
; Global warming
; Heat convection
; Soil moisture
; Surface properties
; Oceanography
; aridity
; atmospheric lapse rate
; climate change
; general circulation model
; global warming
; relative humidity
; soil moisture
; surface temperature
; thermal convection
英文摘要: Surface temperatures increase at a greater rate over land than ocean in simulations and observations of global warming. It has previously been proposed that this land-ocean warming contrast is related to different changes in lapse rates over land and ocean because of limited moisture availability over land.Asimple theory of the land-ocean warming contrast is developed here in which lapse rates are determined by an assumption of convective quasi-equilibrium. The theory predicts that the difference between land and ocean temperatures increases monotonically as the climate warms or as the land becomes more arid. However, the ratio of differential warming over land and ocean varies nonmonotonically with temperature for constant relative humidities and reaches a maximum at roughly 290 K. The theory is applied to simulations with an idealized general circulation model in which the continental configuration and climate are varied systematically. The simulated warming contrast is confined to latitudes below 50° when climate is varied by changes in longwave optical thickness. The warming contrast depends on land aridity and is larger for zonal land bands than for continents with finite zonal extent. A land-ocean temperature contrast may be induced at higher latitudes by enforcing an arid land surface, but its magnitude is relatively small. The warming contrast is generally well described by the theory, although inclusion of a land- ocean albedo contrast causes the theory to overestimate the land temperatures. Extensions of the theory are discussed to include the effect of large-scale eddies on the extratropical thermal stratification and to account for warming contrasts in both surface air and surface skin temperatures. © 2013 American Meteorological Society. 资助项目: NSF, National Science Foundation
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/51858
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, United States
Recommended Citation:
Byrne M.P.,O'Gorman P.A.. Land-ocean warming contrast over a wide range of climates: Convective quasi-equilibrium theory and idealized simulations[J]. Journal of Climate,2013-01-01,26(12)