DOI: 10.1007/s00382-012-1312-5
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84869489004
论文题名: Climatic responses to the shortwave and longwave direct radiative effects of sea salt aerosol in present day and the last glacial maximum
作者: Yue X. ; Liao H.
刊名: Climate Dynamics
ISSN: 9307575
出版年: 2012
卷: 39, 期: 12 起始页码: 3019
结束页码: 3040
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Climatic responses
; Last glacial maximum
; Radiative effect
; Sea salt aerosol
英文摘要: We examine the climatic responses to the shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) direct radiative effects (RE) of sea salt aerosol in present day and the last glacial maximum (LGM) using a general circulation model with online simulation of sea salt cycle. The 30-year control simulation predicts a present-day annual emission of sea salt of 4,253 Tg and a global burden of 8. 1 Tg for the particles with dry radii smaller than 10 μm. Predicted annual and global mean SW and LW REs of sea salt are, respectively, -1. 06 and +0. 14 W m-2 at the top of atmosphere (TOA), and -1. 10 and +0. 54 W m-2 at the surface. The LW warming of sea salt is found to decrease with altitude, which leads to a stronger net sea salt cooling in the upper troposphere. The changes in global mean air temperature by the present-day sea salt are simulated to be -0. 55, -0. 63, -0. 86, and -0. 91°K at the surface, 850, 500a, and 200 hPa, respectively. The emission of sea salt at the LGM is estimated to be 4,075 Tg year-1. Relative to present day, the LGM sea salt emission is higher by about 18% over the tropical and subtropical oceans, and is lower by about 35% in the mid- and high-latitudes in both hemispheres because of the expansion of sea ice. As a result of the weakened LGM water cycle, the LGM annual and global mean burden of sea salt is predicted to be higher by 4% as compared to the present-day value. Compared with the climatic effect of sea salt in present day, the sea-salt-induced reductions in surface air temperature at the LGM have similar magnitude in the tropics but are weakened by about 0. 18 and 0. 14°K in the high latitudes of the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, respectively. We also perform a sensitivity study to explore the upper limit of the climatic effect of the LGM sea salt. We assume an across-the-board 30% increase in the glacial wind speed and consider sea salt emissions over sea ice, so that the model can reproduce the ratio of sea salt deposition between the LGM and present day in the high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere as suggested by the ice core records. This sensitivity run predicts a global emission of sea salt of 11,941 Tg year-1 with a global burden of 20. 9 Tg. With such a high loading, sea salt aerosol at the LGM can have a net RE of -2. 28 W m-2 at the TOA and lead to an annual and global mean cooling of 1. 27°K at the surface. © 2012 Springer-Verlag. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/55089
Appears in Collections: 过去全球变化的重建
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作者单位: Climate Change Research Center (CCRC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China; Nansen-Zhu International Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), P.O. Box 9804, Beijing, 100029, China
Recommended Citation:
Yue X.,Liao H.. Climatic responses to the shortwave and longwave direct radiative effects of sea salt aerosol in present day and the last glacial maximum[J]. Climate Dynamics,2012-01-01,39(12)