DOI: 10.5194/hess-21-217-2017
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85009291537
论文题名: A Budyko framework for estimating how spatial heterogeneity and lateral moisture redistribution affect average evapotranspiration rates as seen from the atmosphere
作者: Rouholahnejad Freund E ; , Kirchner J ; W
刊名: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
ISSN: 10275606
出版年: 2017
卷: 21, 期: 1 起始页码: 217
结束页码: 233
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Cells
; Cytology
; Groundwater
; Atmospheric forcing
; Detailed modeling
; Earth system model
; Heterogeneous landscapes
; Land surface properties
; Potential evapotranspiration
; Simple modeling
; Spatial heterogeneity
; Evapotranspiration
; atmospheric forcing
; climate modeling
; evapotranspiration
; heterogeneity
; land surface
; potential evapotranspiration
; precipitation (climatology)
; soil column
; Himalayas
英文摘要: Most Earth system models are based on grid-averaged soil columns that do not communicate with one another, and that average over considerable sub-grid heterogeneity in land surface properties, precipitation (P ), and potential evapotranspiration (PET). These models also typically ignore topographically driven lateral redistribution of water (either as groundwater or surface flows), both within and between model grid cells. Here, we present a first attempt to quantify the effects of spatial heterogeneity and lateral redistribution on grid-cell-averaged evapotranspiration (ET) as seen from the atmosphere over heterogeneous landscapes. Our approach uses Budyko curves, as a simple model of ET as a function of atmospheric forcing by P and PET. From these Budyko curves, we derive a simple sub-grid closure relation that quantifies how spatial heterogeneity affects average ET as seen from the atmosphere. We show that averaging over sub-grid heterogeneity in P and PET, as typical Earth system models do, leads to overestimations of average ET. For a sample high-relief grid cell in the Himalayas, this overestimation bias is shown to be roughly 12%; for adjacent lower-relief grid cells, it is substantially smaller. We use a similar approach to derive sub-grid closure relations that quantify how lateral redistribution of water could alter average ET as seen from the atmosphere. We derive expressions for the maximum possible effect of lateral redistribution on average ET, and the amount of lateral redistribution required to achieve this effect, using only estimates of P and PET in possible source and recipient locations as inputs. We show that where the aridity index P/PET increases with altitude, gravitationally driven lateral redistribution will increase average ET (and models that overlook lateral redistribution will underestimate average ET). Conversely, where the aridity index P/PET decreases with altitude, gravitationally driven lateral redistribution will decrease average ET. The effects of both sub-grid heterogeneity and lateral redistribution will be most pronounced where P is inversely correlated with PET across the landscape. Our analysis provides first-order estimates of the magnitudes of these sub-grid effects, as a guide for more detailed modeling and analysis. © 2017 The Author(s). Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/79298
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Dept. of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
Recommended Citation:
Rouholahnejad Freund E,, Kirchner J,W. A Budyko framework for estimating how spatial heterogeneity and lateral moisture redistribution affect average evapotranspiration rates as seen from the atmosphere[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2017-01-01,21(1)