arable land
; biodiversity
; biomineralization
; concentration (composition)
; experimental design
; grass
; grassland
; herb
; inorganic nitrogen
; land use change
; leaching
; legume
; organic nitrogen
; resource use
; soil microorganism
; species diversity
; species richness
; Germany
; Jena
; Thuringia
; Embryophyta
; Poaceae
英文摘要:
Higher plant diversity reduces nitrate leaching by complementary resource use, while its relation to leaching of other N species is unclear. We determined the effects of plant species richness, functional group richness, and the presence of specific functional groups on ammonium, dissolved organic N (DON), and total dissolved N (TDN) leaching from grassland in the first 4 years after conversion from fertilized arable land to unfertilized grassland. On 62 experimental plots in Jena, Germany, with 1–60 plant species and 1–4 functional groups (legumes, grasses, tall herbs, small herbs), nitrate, ammonium, and TDN concentrations in soil solution (0–0.3 m soil layer) were measured fortnightly during 4 years. DON concentrations were calculated by subtracting inorganic N from TDN. Nitrogen concentrations were multiplied with modeled downward water fluxes to obtain N leaching. DON leaching contributed most to TDN leaching (64 � SD 4% of TDN). Ammonium leaching was unaffected by plant diversity. Increasing species richness decreased DON leaching in the fourth year. We attribute this finding to enhanced use of DON as a C and N source and enhanced mineralization of DON by soil microorganisms. An increase of species richness decreased TDN leaching likely driven by the complementary use of nitrate by diverse mixtures. Legumes increased DON and TDN leaching likely because of their N2-fixing ability and higher litter production. Grasses decreased TDN leaching because of more exhaustive use of nitrate and water. Our results demonstrate that increasing plant species richness decreases leaching of DON and TDN. � 2016, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, Karlsruhe, Germany; Geoecology, University of T�bingen, R�melinstr. 19-23, T�bingen, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21, Leipzig, Germany; CNRS, Ecotron - UPS 3248, Campus Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Physiological Diversity, UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig, Germany; JFB Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg August University G�ttingen, Berliner Str. 28, G�ttingen, Germany; Institute of Biology, Special Botany and Functional Biodiversity Research, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, Leipzig, Germany
Recommended Citation:
Leimer S.,Oelmann Y.,Eisenhauer N.,et al. Mechanisms behind plant diversity effects on inorganic and organic N leaching from temperate grassland[J]. Biogeochemistry,2016-01-01,131(3)