DOI: 10.1007/s00382-014-2225-2
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84930484604
论文题名: A record-breaking low ice cover over the Great Lakes during winter 2011/2012: combined effects of a strong positive NAO and La Niña
作者: Bai X. ; Wang J. ; Austin J. ; Schwab D.J. ; Assel R. ; Clites A. ; Bratton J.F. ; Colton M. ; Lenters J. ; Lofgren B. ; Wohlleben T. ; Helfrich S. ; Vanderploeg H. ; Luo L. ; Leshkevich G.
刊名: Climate Dynamics
ISSN: 9307575
出版年: 2015
卷: 44, 期: 2017-05-06 起始页码: 1187
结束页码: 1213
语种: 英语
英文关键词: ENSO
; Great Lakes ice cover
; Ice growth
; La Nina
; NAO
; Surface heat budget
英文摘要: A record-breaking low ice cover occurred in the North American Great Lakes during winter 2011/2012, in conjunction with a strong positive Arctic Oscillation/North Atlantic Oscillation (+AO/NAO) and a La Niña event. Large-scale atmosphere circulation in the Pacific/North America (PNA) region reflected a combined signal of La Niña and +NAO. Surface heat flux analysis shows that sensible heat flux contributed most to the net surface heat flux anomaly. Surface air temperature is the dominant factor governing the interannual variability of Great Lakes ice cover. Neither La Niña nor +NAO alone can be responsible for the extreme warmth; the typical mid-latitude response to La Niña events is a negative PNA pattern, which does not have a significant impact on Great Lakes winter climate; the positive phase of NAO is usually associated with moderate warming. When the two occurred simultaneously, the combined effects of La Niña and +NAO resulted in a negative East Pacific pattern with a negative center over Alaska/Western Canada, a positive center in the eastern North Pacific (north of Hawaii), and an enhanced positive center over the eastern and southern United States. The overall pattern prohibited the movement of the Arctic air mass into mid-latitudes and enhanced southerly flow and warm advection from the Gulf of Mexico over the eastern United States and Great Lakes region, leading to the record-breaking low ice cover. It is another climatic pattern that can induce extreme warming in the Great Lakes region in addition to strong El Niño events. A very similar event occurred in the winter of 1999/2000. This extreme warm winter and spring in 2012 had significant impacts on the physical environment, as well as counterintuitive effects on phytoplankton abundance. © 2014, Springer-Verlag (outside the USA). 资助项目: NOAA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/54218
Appears in Collections: 过去全球变化的重建
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作者单位: Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan, 4840 S. State Road, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 4840 S. State Road, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, United States; School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 3310 Holdrege Street, Lincoln, NE, United States; Canadian Ice Service, Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; NOAA National Ice Center, Washington, DC, United States
Recommended Citation:
Bai X.,Wang J.,Austin J.,et al. A record-breaking low ice cover over the Great Lakes during winter 2011/2012: combined effects of a strong positive NAO and La Niña[J]. Climate Dynamics,2015-01-01,44(2017-05-06)